Sociological Exploration Or Research Is A Complex Process

Jennifer Wilson Intro to Sociology Professor Hartley Essay #2 Essay#2 Sociological exploration or research is a complex process. At what time a scientist attempts to figure out the way the natural world works, he will utilize experiments to search for the cause and effect. In other words, they construct an experiment so they can observe or evaluate any change in one entity and cause another to vary in a repetitive way. When things change within an experiment they are called variables. A â€Å"variable† is a characteristic that can change in value or magnitude under different conditions. With experiments, there are three types of variables, independent variable, dependent variable and control variable. The independent variable is a†¦show more content†¦Step four you will collect data, this is a critical step in the research process. It provides information needed to solve or explain the research questions. Step five involves analyzing results. In this step, all the information that has been collected to answer the question is co mpared to the variables to determine the difference. Step six involves presenting the finding of the research. This is where you will validate or confirm your theory by the data collected and analyzed finally presenting your findings or your theory. No matter what approach that is used in research, the researchers want to maximize the study’s reliability which is the consistency with which the same measure produces similar results time after time. Researchers also strive for validity which is the degree to which a measure is accurate and really measures what it claims to measure. The six steps of the scientific method in research and the relationship with between cause and correlation can be explained by saying that correlation merely occur when we detect change in two simultaneously; causation exist when we can demonstrate in one influence that causes the researchers need to establish correlation and time order and rule out alternative explanations. A survey is a widely-use d research methods, a survey can be defined as a valuable researchShow MoreRelatedIdentity Management, Concepts, And Definitions1734 Words   |  7 Pages(1) The Topic: Identity Management, Concepts, and Definitions What is Identity Management? In sociological terms it is communication strategy which is goal-oriented. It operates on both the conscious and subconscious level; communicators attempt to control the impressions of other people about themselves. This is achieved by governing and effecting various impressions designed to control social interactions. 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Is The Investor Invests If And Only If S = G - 1214 Words

Suppose the investor invests if and only if s=g . The following three Lemmas characterize how reputation is revised following audit reports and observed expected cash flows. The results in turn explain how auditors incentives line up with market belief, reputation revision, and choice of effort. Lemma 1 shows that reputation is revised upwards when a report g is followed by a good(G) outcome. This result follows from Assumption 1 and the intuition is straightforward. An auditor is rewarded with a higher reputation whenever there is a correspondence between the report and observed true state. On the other hand, the history (g,B) is followed by downwards revision of reputation. In other words, an auditor is penalized with a lower†¦show more content†¦In the case of no investment, the reputation revision is less stark than what it is when there is an explicit discrepancy between the report and the outcome. This ensures that the auditor is rewarded with a higher reputation when he detects a bad project as bad. The lower the values of alpha and epsilon , the starker is the reputation revision. In fact, with perfect monitoring and hat{gamma}=1 , reputation is revised all the way to zero. Suppose the auditor s reputation is such that the auditor is hired with probability 1 in the second period. Lemma 3 implies that at any such reputation heta , the auditor s expected payoff from expending effort with hat{gamma}=1 , is strictly greater than his expected payoff from expending effort with hat{gamma}=0 . In other words, gains from high effort are higher if the investor believes that the auditor is diligent. An â€Å"informative† auditor exerting effort generates audit reports with higher precision than he would without effort. Consequently, reputation revisions are starker and payoffs are more sensitive to actions, when the investor expects the auditor to expend effort. Proposition 1 states that the auditor is diligent for a range of reputation where loss of reputation can push the auditor out of business and/or the incremental gains from building reputation are strictly higher than the cost of exerting effort. For the lower range of reputation [0, heta^{1}) the auditor is not hired in the second

Probation Crime and California College Attended Free Essays

John Augustus is credited with being the father of probation. A Boston shoemaker, Augustus spent his spare time observing what took place in the courts. Disturbed that minor offenders and common drunks were often forced to remain in jail because they had no money to pay off their fines, he convinced authorities to let him pay their fines and offered them friendly supervision. We will write a custom essay sample on Probation: Crime and California College Attended or any similar topic only for you Order Now When the defendants later came into court for sentencing, Augustus would report on his progress toward reformation. Augustus efforts encouraged his home state of Massachusetts to pass the first probation statue in 1878. Four more states had followed suit by 1900. Probation was thus established as a legitimate alternative to incarceration. The first juvenile court was in Cook County, Illinois in 1899. The enabling legislation eventually passed at state and federal levels not only enacted statutes that permitted probation, but eventually defined specific categories of offenses for which probation could not be granted. It is clear that the legislators enacting probation statues intended juvenile offenders and misdemeanants to be its beneficiaries, not hard core criminal offenders. Probation is a sentence serves while under supervision in the community. Its goal is to retain some control over criminal offenders while using community programs to help rehabilitate them. Today, probation is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the United States. Those sentenced to probation must agree to abide by court mandated conditions of probation, with a violation of conditions possibly leading to probation revocation. Two types of conditions are general and specific. General conditions apply to all probationers in a given jurisdiction and usually require that the probationer obey all laws, maintain employment, remain within the jurisdiction of the court and possess no firearms. Specific conditions may be mandated by a judge who feels that the probationer is need of particular guidance or control. Depending on the nature of the offense, a judge may require that the offender surrender his or her driver’s license; supply breath, urine, or blood samples as needed for drug or alcohol testing. The judge may also dictate special conditions tailored to the probationer’s situation. The rapid growth of serious and violent crime in America during the 2980’s contributed to prison overcrowding and spurred a movement toward the increase in the use of felony probation. Prison overcrowding and bulging jails forced the correctional administrators to take a close look at some other categories of felons for relief of an over taxed system. Front end solutions are alternatives sentences such as probation and intermediate punishments that include house arrest, deferred prosecution, electronic monitoring. Back end solutions refer to ways used to reduce prison populations, after the offender arrives in prison. Often viewed as â€Å"early out† or â€Å"extended limits† options: parole, shock parole, expanded good time credits to count against minimum sentence, work and educational furlough, prerelease to halfway houses. Name: Essie Stevens Position: Probation Officer, San Bernardino, California College Attended: Howard University (BS, Criminal Justice) What criminal justice related jobs have you held? Straight out of high school, I took a job as a security guard at the local mall. I had no experience but they took a chance with me. I learned a lot from working there. After about 9 months, I left for college. After college, I pretty much had it in my mind I wanted to be a probation officer. I read on the internet that a small California town needed members of their team. I scheduled a meeting and I’ve been here ever since. How would you describe the interview process? It actually was pretty easy. I stood before three members of the Department of Corrections. I was asked a few questions. I was hired on spot. To this day, I still do not know if it was because my resume was excellent or if it was because they were in desperate need of staff. Please describe your job I am a probation officer for about 115 men, women, and juveniles. My role is to keep tabs on their progress, make sure they are heading down the right paths. I attend court with most of them every 3 weeks to inform the judge of their progress. I also see each of them at least once a week in order to ensure they are complying with all conditions of the program. What is the typical starting salary for this position? $17. 35 per hour What qualities or characteristics are most helpful for this job? You have to be strong and you must have a backbone. I’m not saying you have to be tough all the time but you need to let the offender know you may be nice but you’re about business. You have to be firm in making decisions. Do not let the offender walk all over you. It’s okay to have friendly conversations but always keep it professional. Get to know the offender. I have found that it’s easier for the offender to open up to you when you show interest in their lives. What is a typical day like for you? From the time I come into work (9am) to the time I leave (10pm), I am either meeting with my new juvenile offenders or checking up on the older ones. I usually break for half an hour to review paperwork. What career advice would you give someone in college beginning studies? Pay attention. Trust me; you’re learning some real important material. Apply for internships; they will help in the long run. Network! Now is the time to get in good with as many professionals as possible. 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Music Appreciation Unit free essay sample

Describe some of the Influence of Latin music In the US In the early part of the twentieth century. Answer: Latin bands were becoming a popular ballroom and club attraction, Afro-Cuban music was also developing and spreading. One major step for this music style was the Woodstock performance of then little known Afro-Cuban band Santa from San Francisco back in 1969. 2. What was the significance of Machismo and His Afro-Cubans?Answer: Because of society racist attitudes during his time in history, it was a bold move to so forwardly acknowledge and emphasize the African roots of their music in their name. They went on to become a largely popular band and took their music to new heights, becoming a sort of bridge between worlds for the fast growing Latin American community. 3. How did Dizzy Gillespie Incorporate Latin music into his music? Answer: He asked his friend Mario Abuzz to Introduce him to someone who could Infuse Afro-Cuban rhythm Into his Jazz band. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Appreciation Unit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He then met Chant Bozo, the Congo player, whom he asked to remain a armament member of the band after a successful performance at Carnegie Hall In 1947. 4. What was the Palladium? Answer: The Palladium was an old dance studio in midtown Manhattan that later became known as the home of Mambo. It was a major entertainment hub for Ambitions and their audiences. It was a place where people of all races, all cultures, and all classes could come together and Just dance.It has been referred to as the Madison Square Garden of its time and the beginning of true integration in New York City. 5. How did the television and films increase the exposure of the U. S. To Latin music? Answer: l Love Lucy, a popular TV show at the time, was based on a bi-racial marriage between an American woman and a Cuban man. West Side Story, a hit Broadway musical of the time, was a combination of the mambo craze and rising ethnically tensions In society. 6. How did Latin music Influence rock music?Answer: Many of the songwriters and music producers of the rock and roll era made music similar to that which theyd been hearing practically all their lives; Latin music. 7. Why do you think Latin music had such a great influence on the development of popular music? Answer: I believe Latin musics influence on the development of popular music was so powerful because of how versatile and timeless its elements are. It slipped into genres that took off after its individual popularity went down and it somehow managed to fit into so many of them without fail.